Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and Assessment
Price: Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
Study Questions Chapter 20

1.
The percentage of body water in proportion to body weight is influenced by many factors. Which of the following is true?
A.In proportion to body weight, the water content of the body decreases with age.
B.The body of a fat person contains more water than that of a thin person.
C.In proportion to body weight, an infant will have less water than has an older adult.
D.Gender has no bearing on the amount of water in proportion to body weight.

2.
In disease conditions whereby extracellular fluid is lost, which is the first fluid compartment to be depleted?
A.The interstitial fluid
B.The intravascular fluid
C.The intracellular fluid
D.None of the above

3.
The intracellular fluid volume of a 25-year-old woman weighing 120 lb (TBW = 50% of weight) would be approximately:
A.60 L
B.48 L
C.24 L
D.20 L

4.
The 24-hour maintenance fluid requirements for an average-sized adult are approximately:
A.600 ml
B.1000 ml
C.1500 ml
D.2500 ml

5.
A milliequivalent is a unit of:
A.Weight
B.Chemical activity
C.Osmotic concentration

6.
Serum electrolyte concentrations are preferably reported in terms of:
A.mm Hg
B.mg/dl
C.mg%
D.mmol/L
E.mEq/L

7.
The law of body electroneutrality states that:
A.The absolute numbers of cations and anions in the body must be equal.
B.The sum of the positive and negative charges (measured in mEq) in any particular body compartment and in the body as a whole must be equal.
C.The intravascular protein molecules must be neutral and cannot carry a positive or negative charge.
D.Positively charged Na+ ions must always be coupled with negatively charged Cl- ions.

8.
Which of the following statements about Na+ is not true?
A.It aids in maintaining total body water balance.
B.It aids in maintaining plasma osmotic concentration.
C.It is the chief ECF cation.
D.Renal excretion of Na+ is regulated primarily by ADH.

9.
The plasma osmolality is primarily determined by:
A.The plasma sodium concentration
B.The total ECF sodium stores
C.The plasma potassium concentration
D.The TBW

10.
The pressure exerted by serum protein in holding fluid within the intravascular compartment is
known as:
A.Hydrostatic pressure
B.Osmotic pressure
C.Ultrafiltration pressure
D.Colloid osmotic pressure

11.
Two fluid compartments containing nondiffusible solutes are separated by a semipermeable membrane. The osmotic concentration of compartment A is 300 mOsm and that of compartment B is 800 mOsm. Net movement of water will be:
A.From compartment A to compartment B
B.From compartment B to compartment A
C.Equal in both directions
D.None of the above

12.
What would be the minimal volume of obligatory urine output in a patient with renal insufficiency who must excrete 600 mOsm of solute when the maximal renal concentrating ability is 400 mOsm/L?
A.400 ml
B.600 ml
C.1500 ml
D.2000 ml

13.
Aldosterone is important in controlling the volume of the ECF because it controls:
A.Protein metabolism
B.Na+ (and water) reabsorption
C.K+ reabsorption
D.All of the above

14.
The organs that play the largest role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in the body as a whole are the:
A.Adrenal glands
B.Parathyroid glands
C.Kidneys
D.Lungs

15.
The choice intravenous solution for the purpose of reducing cerebral edema would be:
A.Hypertonic (3% saline)
B.Isotonic (0.9% saline)
C.Hypotonic (D5W)

16.
A urine specific gravity measurement of 1.010 indicates that the estimated osmolality is approximately:
A.100 mOsm
B.300 mOsm
C.600 mOsm
D.1200 mOsm

17.
Which of the following statements about intracellular fluid is true? (More than one answer may be correct.)
A.It is approximately equal to 40% of the body weight.
B.It has a lower osmotic concentration than does the extracellular fluid.
C.It has a higher concentration of organic ions than does the extracellular fluid.
D.It is approximately equal to 5% of body weight.

18.
The Na-K-activated-ATPase system (Na-K pump) located in the cell membrane helps maintain the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane by: (More than one answer may be correct.)
A.Actively moving water out of cells
B.Actively transporting sodium out of cells
C.Osmotically moving potassium into cells
D.Actively transporting potassium into cells

19.
Which of the following changes would stimulate the release of ADH? (More than one answer may be correct.)
A.An increase in the plasma osmolality of 1% to 2%
B.A decrease in the plasma volume by at least 5% to 10%
C.Hyponatremia
D.Hypernatremia
E.The stress of surgery

20.
Extracellular fluid characteristically contains: (More than one answer may be correct.)
A.80 mEq of Cl-/L
B.140 mEq of Na+/L
C.4 mEq of K+/L
D.5 mEq of Ca++/L

21.
Which of the following signs and symptoms would indicate an ECF volume deficit? (More than one answer may be correct.)
A.Rales and rhonchi heard over posterior lung fields
B.Blood pressure 130/80 mm Hg, lying position; 104/76 mm Hg, sitting position
C.Flat neck veins in the lying position
D.Oliguria (small amount of concentrated urine)